Bernese Mountain Dog
From BPSBR_Wiki
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| Bernese Mountain Dog | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other names | Berner Sennenhund Bernese Cattle Dog | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Nicknames | "Berner" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Country of origin | Switzerland | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Notes | {{{note}}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Bernese Mountain Dog, called in German the Berner Sennenhund, is a large breed of dog, one of the four breeds of Sennenhund-type dogs from the Swiss Alps. The name Sennenhund is derived from the German "Senne" (alpine pasture) and "hund" (dog), as they accompanied the alpine herders and dairymen called Senn. Berner (or Bernese in English) refers to the area of the breed's origin, in the Canton of Bern in Switzerland. This Mountain dog was originally kept as general farm dogs. Large Sennenhunds in the past were also used as draft animals, pulling carts. The breed was officially established in 1907.<ref>{{
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}}{{
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|http://www.akc.org/breeds/bernese_mountain_dog/history.cfm
}} |&rft_id=%7B%7B%23if%3A%0A+++++++++++++++++++++++%7C%7B%7B%23ifeq%3A++%7C+no+%7C+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akc.org%2Fbreeds%2Fbernese_mountain_dog%2Fhistory.cfm+%7C++%7D%7D%0A+++++++++++++++++++++++%7Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.akc.org%2Fbreeds%2Fbernese_mountain_dog%2Fhistory.cfm%0A+++++++++++++++++++++%7D%7D
}}&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Bernese_Mountain_Dog"></span>{{#if:|}}</ref> as a member of the Working Group<ref name="AKCWorking"/>
Contents |
Appearance
Like the other Sennenhunds, the Bernese Mountain Dog is a large, heavy dog with a distinctive tricolored coat, black with white chest and rust colored markings above eyes, sides of mouth, front of legs, and a small amount around the white chest. An ideal of a perfectly-marked individual gives the impression of a white horse shoe shape around the nose and a white "Swiss cross" on the chest, when viewed from the front. A Swiss Kiss is a white mark located typically behind the neck, but may be a part of the neck. A full ring would not meet type standard. Both males and females have a broad head with smallish, v-shaped drooping ears. Height at the withers is {{#ifeq:|on|Template:Ntsh}}{{convert/{{#if:1|-}}|23|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:27.5*0}}|0|0}}|27.5|in|cm||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffA{{#switch:on|off=none|def=off|on}}DbSoff|s=}}{{#switch:{{{disp}}}|br=Template:Convert/test/Dbr|/=Template:Convert/und}}. The standard does not mention weight. On average, one must expect {{#ifeq:|on|Template:Ntsh}}{{convert/{{#if:1|-}}|40|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:55*0}}|0|0}}|55|kg|lb||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffA{{#switch:on|off=none|def=off|on}}DbSoff|s=}}{{#switch:{{{disp}}}|br=Template:Convert/test/Dbr|/=Template:Convert/und}}. Females are slightly smaller than males. The breed standard lists, as disqualifications, a distinctly curly coat, along with wry mouth and wall eye.<ref name="Standard">{{
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|http://www.fci.be/uploaded_files/045A2002_en.doc
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}}&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Bernese_Mountain_Dog"></span>{{#if:|}}</ref> Exact color and pattern of the coat are also described as important.
Four breeds of Sennenhund
The four breeds of Sennenhund, with the original breed name followed by the most popular English version of the breed name.
- Grosser Schweizer Sennenhund, Greater Swiss Mountain Dog
- Berner Sennenhund, Bernese Mountain Dog
- Appenzeller Sennenhund, Appenzeller
- Entlebucher Sennenhund, Entlebucher Mountain Dog
History
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}}{{#if:||.}}{{#if:|}}</ref> Historically, in some locales at least, the breed was called a Dürrbachhunde.<ref>Template:Citation/core{{#if:|}}. Notice the variety in appearance of the original type</ref>
The breed was used as an all purpose farm dog, for guarding property and to drive dairy cattle long distances from the farm to the alpine pastures. The type was originally called the Dürrbächler, for a small town (Dürrbach) where the large dogs were especially frequent.<ref name="BerneMuseum">Bernese Mountain Dog, Berner Sennenhund, Dürrbächler, Vertebrate Animals Department, Naturhistorische Museum Bern (in English)</ref> In the early 1900s, fanciers exhibited the few examples of the large dogs at shows in Berne, and in 1907 a few breeders from the Burgdorf region founded the first breed club, the "Schweizerische Dürrbach-Klub", and wrote the first Standard which defined the dogs as a separate breed. By 1910, there were already 107 registered members of the breed. There is a photo of a working Bernese Mountain Dog, dated 1905 at the Fumee Fall rest area in Quinnesec, MI.
Health
Mortality
File:Berner hiking03.jpg
Bernese Mountain Dog on a mountain
Health surveys of Bernese Mountain Dogs in Denmark, Britain, the United States, and Canada show that this breed is very short-lived compared to breeds of similar size and purebred dogs in general. Bernese Mountain Dogs have a median longevity of seven years in Denmark, the U.S., and Canada and eight years in the UK surveys.<ref name="Cassidy Data">Template:Cite web</ref> By comparison, most other breeds of similar size have median longevities of 10 to 11 years.<ref name="Cassidy Compare">Template:Cite web</ref> The longest lived of 394 deceased Bernese Mountain Dogs in a 2004 UK survey died at 15.2 years.<ref name="KC Survey">Template:Cite web</ref>
Cancer is the leading cause of death for dogs in general, but Bernese Mountain Dogs have a much higher rate of fatal cancer than other breeds; in both U.S./Canada and UK surveys, nearly half of Bernese Mountain Dogs died of cancer,<ref name="KC Survey"/><ref name="Berner Club">Template:Cite web</ref> compared to about 27% of all dogs.<ref name="KC Survey"/> Bernese Mountain Dogs are killed by a multitude of different types of cancer, including malignant histiocytosis, mast cell tumor, lymphosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and osteosarcoma.<ref name="Berner Club"/>
Bernese Mountain Dogs also have an unusually high mortality due to musculoskeletal causes. Arthritis, hip dysplasia, and cruciate ligament rupture were reported as the cause of death in 6% of Bernese Mountain Dogs in the UK study;<ref name="KC Survey"/> for comparison, mortality due to musculoskeletal ailments was reported to be less than 2% for purebred dogs in general.
Mobility
File:Berner vom Niederlausitzewr Heidepark Tibo.jpg
Bernese puppy
Owners of Bernese Mountain Dogs are nearly three times as likely as owners of other breeds to report musculoskeletal problems in their dogs.<ref name="KC Survey"/> The most commonly reported musculoskeletal issues are cruciate ligament rupture, arthritis (especially in shoulders and elbows), hip dysplasia, and osteochondritis.<ref name="KC Survey"/><ref name="Berner Club"/> The age at onset for musculoskeletal problems is also unusually low. For example, in the U.S./Canada study, 11% of living dogs had arthritis at an average age of 4.3 years.<ref name="Berner Club"/> Most other common, non-musculoskeletal morbidity issues strike Berners at rates similar to other breeds.<ref name="KC Survey"/>
In short, prospective Bernese Mountain Dog owners should be prepared to cope with a large dog that may have mobility problems at a young age. Options to help mobility-impaired dogs may include ramps for car or house access, lifting harnesses and slings, and dog wheelchairs (ex: Walkin` Wheels). Comfortable bedding may help alleviate joint pain.
Care
Activities
File:Junger Berner Senne.jpg
10-week-old puppy
On July 1, 2010 the Bernese Mountain Dog became eligible to compete in AKC Herding Events. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Berners exhibiting basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.<ref name="Hartnagle">Template:Cite book</ref>
Grooming
The Bernese coat is slightly rough in outline, but not at all harsh in texture. The undercoat is fairly dense; the coat is quite dirt and weather resistant. A good brushing every week or two is sufficient to keep it in fine shape, except when the undercoat is being blown; then daily combing or brushing is in order for the duration of the shed. Regular use of a drag comb (it looks like a small rake), especially in the undercoat, is highly effective. See Dog grooming. Bernese Mountain Dogs shed year-round, and drifts of fur are to be expected.
Temperament
File:Loupa.jpg
Bernese Dog in the Alps
The breed standard for the Bernese Mountain Dog states that dogs should not be "aggressive, anxious or distinctly shy," but rather should be "good natured," "self-assured," "placid towards strangers," and "docile."<ref name="Standard"/> Temperament of individual dogs may vary, and not all examples of the breed have been carefully bred to follow the Standard. All large dogs should be well socialized when young, and given regular training and activities throughout their lives.
File:Bouvier Bernois BE.jpg
Bernese head
Bernese are outdoor dogs at heart, though well-behaved in the house; they need activity and exercise, but do not have a great deal of endurance. They can move with amazing bursts of speed for their size when motivated. If they are sound (no problems with their hips, elbows, or other joints) they enjoy hiking and generally stick close to their people.
The Bernese temperament is a strong point of the breed. They are affectionate, loyal, faithful, stable, intelligent, but sometimes shy. The majority of Bernese are friendly to people, and other dogs. They often get along well with other pets such as cats, horses, etc. They do not respond well to harsh treatment, although Bernese are willing and eager to please their master. Bernese love to be encouraged with praise and treats. The breed is sweet and good with children, despite their great size. Overall, they are stable in temperament, patient, and loving. Bernese Mountain Dogs are slow to mature, and may display noticeable puppy-like tendencies until 2½ years of age.
See also
References
Further reading
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External links
- DMOZ links to more information about the Bernese Mountain Dog at the Open Directory Project
- Bernese Mountain Dog at Full Issue
- Original breed club in Switzerland
- Genetics of tricolour coats
Template:Pastoral dogsbg:Бернски зененхунд
ca:Bover de Berna
cs:Bernský salašnický pes
da:Berner sennenhund
de:Berner Sennenhund
es:Boyero de Berna
eo:Berna ŝafhundo
fr:Bouvier bernois
ko:버니즈 마운틴 도그
it:Bovaro bernese
he:ברנר זננהונד
hu:Berni pásztorkutya
nl:Berner sennenhond
ja:バーニーズ・マウンテン・ドッグ
no:Berner Sennenhund
nn:Berner sennenhund
pl:Berneński pies pasterski
pt:Boiadeiro de Berna
ro:Ciobănesc de Berna
ru:Бернский зенненхунд
simple:Bernese mountain dog
sk:Bernský salašnícky pes
sr:Бернски пастирски пас
fi:Berninpaimenkoira
sv:Berner sennenhund
Categories: Pages where template include size is exceeded | Pages containing omitted template arguments | Articles with incorrect citation syntax | Pages using deprecated citation archive parameters | Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters | Articles with 'species' microformats | Canton of Bern | Dog breeds | Dog breeds originating in Switzerland | Herding dogs | Molossers | Working dogs
